Abstract
Brain tumors are among the leading human killers. There are over 120 different types of brain tumors, but they mainly fall into two groups: primary brain tumors and metastatic brain tumors. Primary brain tumors develop from normal brain cells. Early and accurate detection of primary brain tumors is vital for the treatment of this disease. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most common method to diagnose brain diseases, but the manual interpretation of the images suffers from high inter-observer variance. In this paper, we presented a new computer-aided diagnosis system named PBTNet for detecting primary brain tumors in magnetic resonance images. A pre-trained ResNet-18 was selected as the backbone model in our PBTNet, but it was fine-tuned only for feature extraction. Then, three randomized neural networks, Schmidt neural network, random vector functional-link, and extreme learning machine served as the classifiers in the PBTNet, which were trained with the features and their labels. The final predictions of the PBTNet were generated by the ensemble of the outputs from the three classifiers. 5-fold cross-validation was employed to evaluate the classification performance of the PBTNet, and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PBTNet was an effective tool for the diagnosis of primary brain tumors.
Highlights
The brain is the most sophisticated organ in the human body, so brain tumor, the uncontrolled growth of brain cells, is one of the deadliest diseases
Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models contain massive parameters, and it may cause overfitting to train CNN models on medical image datasets, which are usually composed of only a small number of images. To cope with these problems, we present a new model for the classification of primary brain tumors called PBTNet
Extensive experiments are conducted for performance evaluation of the PBTNet, and the results suggested that our PBTNet can produce accurate predictions of brain MR images (MRIs)
Summary
The brain is the most sophisticated organ in the human body, so brain tumor, the uncontrolled growth of brain cells, is one of the deadliest diseases. People of any age can be affected by brain tumors. The causes of most brain tumors are still unknown. The risk factors related to brain tumors include age, radiation, and genetic condition. There are over 120 different brain tumors documented. They can be classified into two groups: primary brain tumors and metastatic brain tumors. Primary brain tumors develop from brain cells in normal brains. The types of primary brain tumors are dependent on the cells of origin. The primary brain tumors developed from glial cells are called gliomas. The exact causes of primary brain tumors are still under research, but some factors are believed to be related to the tumors, including age, radiation, and genetic conditions
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