Abstract
PbTiO3 film and powder materials have been obtained from a sol prepared at room temperature by mixing lead(II) acetate trihydrate (LAT) and tetraisopropylorthotitanate (TPOT) in methoxyethanol. The sol-gel process was studied by means of207Pb nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction measurements. This investigation shows that an interaction between LAT and TPOT occurs immediately on mixing in solution and, as a result of the interaction, the lead and titanium compounds are indistinctly linked togetherthrough bidentate acetate bridging. This linkage remains unchanged during solution reactions and gelation, Pb-O-Ti bonding being absent at this stage. Pb-O-Ti bonding in the sol-gel materials is believed to be first formed between 200 and 350 °C during the decomposition of the OAc group of LAT and its removal from the gel. The gel retains its amorphous state on heating at 370 °C for 1 h. An unidentified primary crystal phase appears after heating the gel at 400 °C for 1 h, and it is transformed into perovskite PbTiO3 crystals at 500 °C and higher temperatures.
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