PB1675 ASSESSMENT OF SERUM IL‐15 IN ADULT ACUTE LEUKEMIA PATIENTS (EGYPTIAN SAMPLE)

Abstract

Background:Interleukin 15 (IL‐15), a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates the functions of the immune system and controls the differentiation of hematopoietic cells. However, it may also promote the development of leukemia through its role in enhancing the survival, proliferation and differentiation of leukemic precursors.Aims:To assess expression of IL‐15 level in adult Egyptian acute leukemia patients, its correlation with disease free survival, overall survival and relapse rate, as well as its possible correlation with other prognostic parameters.Methods:Serum IL‐15 level was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 30 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, 30 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and 30 age and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. The patients were recruited from clinical hematology department at Ain shams university hospital over the period from April 2017 to October 2018.Results:In ALL patients: The serum IL‐15 level was higher in ALL patients compared to control subjects (P = 0.015). The serum IL‐15 level was higher in ALL patients with non high risk cytogenetics compared to those with high risk cytogenetics (P = 0.047). Patients with ALL with high serum IL 15 level achieved 1stcomplete response (CR) less than those with low or average serum IL 15 level (P = 0.038). Patients with ALL with high serum IL 15 level achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity less than those with low or average serum IL 15 level (P = 0.006). Patients with ALL with high serum IL 15 level had shorter survival compared to those with low or average serum IL 15 level (P = 0.005). The optimal cut‐off value for serum IL‐15 in predicting patient survival in patients with ALL was 200 ng/L.In AML patients: The serum IL‐15 level was higher in AML patients compared to control subjects (P = 0.010). The serum IL‐15 level was higher in AML patients with high risk features compared to those with non high risk features (P = 0.048). Patients with AML with high serum IL 15 level achieved 1stcomplete response (CR) less than those with average serum IL 15 level (P = 0.015). Patients with AML with high serum IL 15 level achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity less than those with average serum IL 15 level (P = 0.002). Patients with AML with high serum IL 15 level had shorter survival compared to those with low or average serum IL 15 level (P < 0.001). The optimal cut‐off value for serum IL‐15 in predicting patient survival in patients with AML was 190 ng/L. Serum IL15 level has negative correlation with the date of death in patients with AML (P = 0.001).Summary/Conclusion:Interleukin 15 (IL‐15) is a useful poor prognostic marker in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, also it can be used as a predictor for complete remission (CR), minimal residual disease (MRD) and survival.