Abstract
The spontaneous polarization and Curie temperature were measured for various compositions of the perovskite-type ferroelectric solid solution systems Pb( Sc 0.5 Nb 0.5) x Φ 1− x O 3, where Φ is either Ti, Zr, or Hf; ceramic samples were used in all the measurements. The maximum value for the spontaneous polarization of a particular system is found to decrease as Ti is replaced by Zr and Zr by Hf, although the corresponding concentration of the four-valent Φ ion and the temperature at which the spontaneous polarization is measured are not necessarily the same for the three different compositions exhibiting the maximum spontaneous polarization; 30 μC cm 2 was the largest value that was observed for the spontaneous polarization. An increase in the concentration of Φ increases the Curie temperature of the respective solid solution system. Curie points decrease in value, correspondingly, as Ti is replaced by Zr and Zr by Hf. For perovskite-type ferroelectric solid solutions having the general stoichiometric formula Pb[( B a+ I ) x ( B b+ II ) y …] O 3, it is found that the maximum room temperature spontaneous polarization is obtained when the average ionic radius for all the B-ions (of the metal-oxygen octahedra) is approximately 0.75 Å.
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