Abstract
The effect of barium additives on the process of anodic corrosion of lead-tin-calcium alloys in a 4.8 М sulfuric acid solution was studied. Cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, weight loss measurements and scanning electronic microscope analysis have allowed exploring the oxidation process and characterizing the formed corrosion layer. According to our results, barium introduction into lead-tin-calcium alloys increases their hardness, reduces their electrochemical activity, and improves their corrosion stability. Reduction of the calcium content in the alloy can be compensated by adding barium. Barium dopation at lead-tin-calcium alloys decreases the resistance of the oxide layer formed on the grid surface, in a deeply discharged state, and raises its resistance during floating conditions and at a charged state of the positive electrode.
Highlights
Pb-Sn-Ca alloys are most widely used for making grids of valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries
Barium dopation at lead-tin-calcium alloys decreases the resistance of the oxide layer formed on the grid surface, in a deeply discharged state, and raises its resistance during floating conditions and at a charged state of the positive electrode
Barium introduction into the alloy leads to some decrease in their electrochemical activity. 3.2
Summary
Pb-Sn-Ca alloys are most widely used for making grids of valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. The high requirements to power sources entail the necessity of further modifications of the alloys used. These alloys should possess higher mechanical characteristics and enhanced corrosion stability for thinner grids, and general stability under exploitation. Pb-Sn-Ca alloys are doped with additional components. [5], grids made by punching or continuous casting from a Pb-SnCa alloy with a barium additive provide the improved mechanical properties and the increased corrosion resistance. The literature lacks data about the influence of a barium additive on the electrochemical and corrosion properties of Pb-Sn-Ca alloys, and about the properties of the contact corrosion layer formed on the alloy surface. The aim of the present paper was to examine the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of PbSn-Ca-Al-Ba alloys with various barium contents
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