Abstract
BackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of painful and debilitating disorders, involving the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Chronic TMD pain can be associated with genetic changes in the key muscle development genes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the PAX7 (paired box 7) gene and masticatory myalgia in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Materials and methodsThis is a case-control study. Patients with TMD were divided into two groups: (a) presence of muscular TMD (n = 122) and (b) absence of muscular TMD (n = 49). Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples from all participants to allow for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms in PAX7 (rs766325 and rs6659735). Over-representation of alleles was tested using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsIndividuals without muscular TMD were less likely to have the PAX7 rs6659735 GG genotype (p = 0.03). No associations were found for PAX7 rs766325.ConclusionsAlterations in PAX7 may influence muscular pathophysiology and individuals with TMD and the rs6659735 homozygous genotype (GG) are seemingly associated with muscular involvement of the disorder. No associations were found in the region rs766325.
Highlights
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of painful and debilitating disorders, involving the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
No associations were found for Transcription factor PAX7 (PAX7) rs766325
No asso‐ ciations were found in the region rs766325
Summary
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of painful and debilitating disorders, involving the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Among the pain-suffering TMD patients, 50 to 70% present the diagnosis of masticatory myalgia [1], Oral parafunction habits, such as clenching teeth during waking time, are the major clinical orofacial characteristics that predict TMD incidence [3]. The sustained tonic activity of the masseter muscle was significantly higher in the group of patients with orofacial pain history [4]. Experimental maximal voluntary clenching of the masseter was reported to induce nearly a five-fold reduction of oxygen saturation in the group with. Structural abnormalities in the masticatory muscles may be involved, as reported in a study of two independent cohorts that compared chronic muscular TMD patients to controls [6]. Repair and regeneration of the attained tissues may be required, involving mobilization and activation of the resident muscle progenitor cells
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