Patterns of thousand-seed weight inheritance inF1andF2pea hybrids

Abstract

Abstract. The research aims to study the inheritance of a thousand-seed weight trait by F1 and F2 hybrids peas. Research methods. The study was conducted at the Chishminskiy plant breeding center of the Bashkir Research Institute – the Subdivision of the Russian Science Academy, located in the Cis-Ural steppe zone, in 2017–2019. The paper describes hybridization with two parental pairs, reciprocal crosses, and resulting pea hybrids. Five varieties were analyzed: Shikhan, Chishminskiy 75, Chishminskiy 80, Chishminskiy 95, Melkosemyannyy 2. The resulting seeds were divided into groups: large, medium-large, medium, medium-small, small. The standard deviation (σ), the coefficient of variation (Vc, %), heritability estimate (H2), and the degree of dominance (hp) were determined. Statistical data were analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 using Statistica 7.0. Results. As a result of the conducted experiments, F1 hybrid peas showed lower thousand-seed weight than the large-seeded parent plants. Whereupon, the large-seeded genotype of a mother plant had a greater effect on the manifestation of this trait in hybrids. F2 hybrid peas expressed a thousand-seed weight trait in an intermediate fashion. However, the average values of this trait were much lower than in F1 hybrids. The coefficient of variation Vc in F2 plants was 24.3–33.3%, the degree of dominance hp was 0.20–0.32 (incomplete dominance of the trait). Scientific novelty. The inheritance of a thousand-seed weight in regional varieties that distinctly differ on this trait and in hybrids obtained by crossing was studied for the first time in conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. New large-seeded and small-seeded sources for pea breeding were identified.