Abstract
Environ. Entomol. 21(3): 471-477 (1992) ABSTRACT The spatial patterns of association between spider mites and some of their natural enemies and the potential changes in these association patterns through the season, between years, and as a result of pesticides targeting both the spider mites and their natural enemies were studied in cotton. Included in the study were the spider mites, Tetrunychus spp.; western flower thrips, Frunkliniella occidentulis (Pergande); big-eyed bugs, Geocoris pullens StAl and G. punctipes (Say); and the minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White). Association patterns were modeled using a log-linear statistical model. Co-occurrence patterns for most species pairs were significantly nonrandom and mostly positive and were seen to change over the season. In general, associations tended to become increasingly positive (or less negative) as the season progressed. Pesticide treat- ments (dicofol, permethrin) were not found to affect associations. Observed spatial asso- ciation patterns fit the known biological relationships of the species.
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