Patterns of postural asymmetry in infants: a standardized video-based analysis

Abstract

Cervical rotation deficit (CRD) and trunk convexity (TC) constitute the diagnosis of infantile postural asymmetry (IPA), which is often associated with further asymmetric features. However, very little data on the entire symptom complex are currently available. The aim of this study was to analyse the entire clinical spectrum of IPA based on a standardized video documentation. Forty-five infants (27 male) with an asymmetry score of > or = 12 points (scale: 4-24) at a median post-term age of 10 weeks (range: 6-16) were selected from two previously studies using predefined criteria. CRD and TC as reactive movements to an orienting head turn in the prone and supine position were assessed from video recordings by three independent observers. Plagiocephaly, oblique body position and asymmetric foot position were descriptively assessed by consent of the same observers. Hip dysplasia data were derived from sonography charts. The assessment of the reactive movements showed a "scoliosis" pattern in sox infants, a "torticollis" pattern in nine infants, a "mixed prone" pattern in 13 infants and a "mixed" pattern in 26 infants. Side agreement in the prone and supine position of TC and CRD was seen in 27 infants, with a left-sided convexity and left-sided head rotation deficit in two-thirds of the infants. Plagiocephaly was present in 27 infants, oblique body position in 13 infants, hip dysplasia in 4 infants and calcaneus foot in 11 infants. In conclusion, infantile asymmetry pattern analysis showed that morphological and functional anomalies are intricately linked and that infants with only a single apparent sign of asymmetry have actually a much more generalized disturbance.