Patterns of injury detected by pan-computed tomography after road traffic accidents: retrospective review from a trauma center in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

BACKGROUNDPan-scan (whole-body) computed tomography (CT) has a paramount role in the diagnosis of injuries in road traffic accidents (RTA).OBJECTIVEIdentify patterns of injuries on pan-CT scans.DESIGNRetrospective medical record review.SETTINGTertiary care center.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe records of all RTA patients who presented to the radiology department at King Fahad Military Medical Complex (KFMMC) in Dhahran for the 3-year period from July 2014 to July 2017 and underwent pan-CT were retrospectively reviewed. Drivers and front-seat passengers with complete clinical information on seating, safety and mechanism of injury were selected. Children under 5 years of age, pregnant women and back-seat passengers were excluded. Patterns of injuries were categorized as ‘no abnormality detected’ (NAD), isolated or combined head, face and neck (H), isolated or combined chest, abdomen and pelvis (C) or both regions of the body (B).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESInjury patterns on pan-CT scans.SAMPLE SIZE305RESULTSMost patients were males (n=287, 94.1%). The median age was 26 years for males (IQR, 22–33 years) and 30 years for females (IQR, 28–39). More than two-thirds were drivers (all males); the remainder were front-seat passengers. Young males were most often involved. The most common type of accident was a roll-over. Of those who sustained injuries, 273 (89.5%) were not wearing a seat belt (unrestrained). The patterns of injuries were NAD (87, 28%), H (27, 9%), C (93, 30.5%), B (98, 32%).CONCLUSIONWhen abnormalities were detected, most high-speed vehicular injuries affected the torso. Unrestrained young male drivers are most often involved in RTAs in Saudi Arabia.LIMITATIONSRetrospective study with a small sample size. Types and severity of injuries on pan-CT were not documented.