Patterns of haematological malignancies on bone marrow examination: A 3-year institutional experience

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: Haematological malignancy may show varied presentation in different regions of world, however, Uttarakhand lacks any recent data about them. The present study was therefore conducted to study the pattern of haematological malignancies on bone marrow examination in institute of Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, over a period of 3 years. It included patients of haematological malignancies diagnosed on bone marrow examination. Patient's age, sex, clinical history and bone marrow diagnosis were noted for every case. All the data were entered into the excel sheet and statistically analysed. Results: The study included total 256 cases of haematological malignancies with male:female ratio of 1.13:1 and mean age of 39.3 years. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (CMPN) was the most common haematological malignancy (49%) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) being its most common type (40%). All the haematological malignancies showed male preponderance except for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mean age of CMPN was 45.81 years and of acute myeloid leukaemia was 36.92 years. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and trephine biopsy (BMT) together were able to diagnose 81.3% of cases of haematological malignancies. Conclusion: The study concludes that haematological malignancies present at lesser age with male preponderance in Uttarakhand. CML is the most common haematological malignancy followed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMA and BMT are complimentary to each other for diagnosis of haematological malignancies and should be used together to avoid missing of any case.