Abstract
A total of 1,136 samples from 289 households in four provinces in northern Laos were subjected to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus hemagglutination inhibition (DENV HI). Overall, antibodies to JEV were detected by HI in 620 (54.6%) of 1,136 people; of which 217 (19.1%) had HI activity against JEV only. Antibodies to DENV4 were detected by HI in 526 (46.3%) of 1,136 people; of which 124 (10.9%) had HI activity against DENV4 only. Antibodies to DENV1–3 were detected by HI in 296 (26.1%), 274 (24.1%), and 283 (24.9) of 1,136 people, respectively; of which 7, 1, and 0, respectively, had HI activity against DENV1–3 only. JEV was the most prevalent Flavivirus in Oudomxay, Luangprabang, and Huaphan provinces and DENV4 was the most prevalent in Xiengkhouang province. Seroprevalence for JEV increased with increasing age and wealth and was higher in villages where rice was cultivated in paddy fields and highest for people of Lao-Tai ethnicity.
Highlights
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV) are major causes of death and disability in southeast (SE) Asia.[1,2] Both JEV and DENV are endemic in Laos with reoccurring epidemics during the monsoonal wet season.[2,3,4] A large proportion of the Lao population live within the vicinity of rice paddy and pig production,[5,6] ensuring suitable conditions for JEV transmission from pigs to humans
After testing for multiple pathogens before this study, there was limited serum remaining for the JEV and dengue virus hemagglutination inhibition (DENV hemagglutination inhibition (HI)) assays and in total 1,136 samples from 289 households were subjected to JEV and DENV HI and had a completed questionnaire
Antibodies to all five flaviviruses were detected by HI in 240 (21.1%) of 1,136 people assessed and antibodies to JEV were detected by HI in 620 (54.6%) of 1,136 people; of which 217 (19.1%) had HI activity against JEV only
Summary
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV) are major causes of death and disability in southeast (SE) Asia.[1,2] Both JEV and DENV are endemic in Laos with reoccurring epidemics during the monsoonal wet season.[2,3,4] A large proportion of the Lao population live within the vicinity of rice paddy and pig production,[5,6] ensuring suitable conditions for JEV transmission from pigs to humans. For the period from 2006 to 2012, the annual notification rate for dengue ranged from 62 to 367 cases per 100,000 population, with the peak period of transmission from May to October.[4]
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