Patterns of FIRST recurrence of stage IIIC1 endometrial cancer with no PARAAORTIC nodal assessment

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the rates and distribution of first recurrence in patients with FIGO stage IIIC1 endometrial cancer (EC) who did not undergo paraaortic dissection at surgical staging. MethodsWe retrospectively selected all (n = 207) stage IIIC1 patients treated at a single institution from 5/1993–1/2017. Sites of first recurrence were identified, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) calculated, multivariate logistic regression performed to identify factors associated with recurrence. ResultsThree-year DFS and OS were 66.5% and 85.7%, respectively. The most common histology was endometroid (64.2%). Three-year DFS was 81% (SE±3.8%) endometrioid vs. 39.5% (SE±6.6%) non-endometrioid (P < 0.001). Three-year OS was 96.9% (SE±1.8%) endometrioid vs. 65.6% (SE±6.7%) non-endometrioid (P < 0.001). Sixty-two (30.1%) patients recurred. Patterns of recurrence were: 14 (8.3%) multiple sites, 17 (8.2%) abdominal, 14 (6.8%) extra-abdominal, 17 (8.3%) isolated nodal (8 of these (3.9%) paraaortic). Patients with isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in lymph nodes only had 12/71 (17%) recurrence rate vs. 50/135 (37%) for patients with micro−/macrometastasis. On univariate analysis, grade (HR 4.67 95%CI 1.5–14.5, P = 0.008), histology (HR 4.9 95%CI 2.6–9.3, P < 0.001), myometrial invasion (HR 1.9 95%CI 1.04–3.5, P = 0.04), pelvic washing (HR 2.2 95%CI 1.1–4.5, P = 0.03), tumor volume in pelvic LNs (ITC vs. micro−/macrometastasis; HR 0.3 95%CI 0.2–0.7, P = 0.003) were associated with recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only histology was associated with recurrence (HR 7.88 95%CI 3.43–18.13, P < 0.001). ConclusionsIsolated paraaortic recurrence in stage IIIC1 EC is uncommon. Micro−/macrometastasis were associated with twice the recurrence rate compared to ITC. These data will help clinicians counsel patients with stage IIIC1 EC regarding paraaortic assessment.