Patterns of e-cigarette use and self-reported health outcomes among smokers and non-smokers in the United States: A preliminary assessment

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: This preliminary assessment evaluates the patterns of e-cigarette use and self-reported health outcomes in the United States. Methods: Multinomial logistic regressions were (baseline wave 2013-2014) performed by using a nationally representative sample with self-reported health measures, including overall, physical, and mental health, and quality of life, as outcomes of interest. Measurements were based on “excellent,” “very good,” “good,” “fair,” and “poor” responses. Results: Among non-cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users had lower chance of reporting good mental health, compared with those non-users (RRR[Relative Risk Ratio] = 0.66). When the respondents used e-cigarette products containing nicotine, the risk for reporting poor mental health was higher (RRR = 1.87). Among cigarette smokers, more use of e-cigarette cartridges was associated with higher risk of mental health (RRR = 1.12). Poor quality of life was associated with regular e-cigarette use. If smokers used e-cigarette products with nicotine, the risk of reporting poor quality of life was lower than individuals who did not use such products (RRR = 0.49). Higher concentration of nicotine in e-cigarette cartridges was associated with higher risks of poor physical and poor overall health, and with lower chance of excellent mental health. Conclusions: Health practitioners should evaluate the benefits and harms of using e-cigarettes and the effects on human health.