Patterns of Diet, Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Are Associated with Socio-Demographic, Behavioural, and Health-Risk Indicators in Adults.

Stina Oftedal,Mitch J Duncan,Corneel Vandelanotte

doi:10.3390/ijerph16132375

Abstract

Our understanding of how multiple health-behaviours co-occur is in its infancy. This study aimed to: (1) identify patterns of physical activity, diet, sitting, and sleep; and (2) examine the association between sociodemographic and health-risk indicators. Pooled data from annual cross-sectional telephone surveys of Australian adults (2015–2017, n = 3374, 51.4% women) were used. Participants self-reported physical activity, diet, sitting-time, sleep/rest insufficiency, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol use, height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and mental distress frequency. Latent class analysis identified health-behaviour classes. Latent class regression determined the associations between health-behaviour patterns, sociodemographic, and health-risk indicators. Three latent classes were identified. Relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern (men: 43.2%, women: 38.1%), a ‘poor lifestyle’ pattern (men: 19.9%, women: 30.5%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age, smoking, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, frequent mental distress (men and women), non-partnered status (men only), a lower Socioeconomic Index for Areas centile, primary/secondary education only, and BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (women only). An ‘active poor sleeper’ pattern (men: 37.0%, women: 31.4%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age (men and women), working and frequent mental distress (women only), relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern. Better understanding of how health-behaviour patterns influence future health status is needed. Targeted interventions jointly addressing these behaviours are a public health priority.

Highlights

Sufficient physical activity, a high-quality diet, and an adequate amount of good quality sleep are independently associated with reduced all-cause mortality [1]
The aims of the current study were to: (1) examine patterns of physical activity, diet quality, sitting time, and sleep/rest insufficiency in adults; and (2) examine how these health-behaviour patterns are associated with socio-demographic, behavioural, and health-risk indicators
Item-response probabilities for each class were significantly different for men and women, but the underlying patterns were similar, and the same names were used to characterise the classes using the most differentiating behaviours found in the response probability data (Table 2) for each class

Summary

Introduction

Sufficient physical activity, a high-quality diet, and an adequate amount of good quality sleep are independently associated with reduced all-cause mortality [1]. These behaviours co-occur, and the way an individual engages in one behaviour can influence engagement in other behaviours. Distinct patterns of individual health behaviours have been identified [3,4], such as the “weekend warrior” who performs all their exercise in 1–2 sessions a week [5]. The understanding of how multiple health behaviours, such as physical activity, sitting, diet, and sleep, co-occur within individuals is still in its infancy [6]. Engaging in a greater number of negative health behaviours has been associated with a greater mortality risk [1,7], while taking part in more positive health behaviours is associated with greater

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion