Patterns of development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with COVID-19 (brief review)

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death, both in Russia and in most other countries, and the problem of cardiovascular disorders in patients with COVID-19 is currently extremely important.Aim. To summarize the literature data on patterns of development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with COVID-19.Results. The article presents a literature review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on the patterns of development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with COVID-19. The pathogenetic relationship of the viral spike S-protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular and immune systems was shown. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the formation of inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular pathology has been determined. The changes in the cardiovascular system against the background of COVID-19 were demonstrated. The basic principles of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with endotheliocytes and cardiomyocytes, the mechanisms of inflammatory reactions that underlie the development of cardiovascular pathology in COVID-19 are described.Conclusion. An analysis of current data regarding damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 led to the conclusion that, despite considerable achievements in this field of research, many aspects are not fully understood and require further study. The practical significance of this review is determined in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of complications in COVID-19, as well as in expanding the possibilities of diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. Probably the crucial importance to reduce complications, as well as associated mortality, is the development of an effective method for modulating the immune response.