Patterns of Chemical Pesticide Use and Determinants of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment to Minimize Chemical Exposure in Vegetable Farming, Maldives

Abstract

Background: The overuse of chemical pesticides without proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usehas put vegetable farmers at risk and has been an extreme concern over the past decades in the Maldives.Therefore, this study aimed to describe the patterns of chemical pesticide use and determinants of PPE useto diminish chemical exposure.Method: This cross-sectional study applied a two-stage random sampling method to select the studysubjects to respond a structured questionnaire. The multiple logistic regression was applied to determine theassociation.Results: Of 306 respondents, 90% used chemical pesticides while only 23% used PEE. Themultivariableanalysis indicated the use of PPE was significantly associated with education attainment (adj.OR=3.17,95% CI=1.80-5.57, p-value=<0.001), amount of chemical pesticide used per month (adj.OR=2.20, 95%CI=1.37-4.43, p-value=0.002), main sources of pesticide information (adj.OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.33-4.01, p-value=0.003), hired someone to spray chemical pesticides (adj. OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.13-4.31,p-value=0.02), and ever participated in any farming-related trainings (adj.OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.63-5.49,p-value=<0.001).Conclusions: Almost all of the farmers used chemical pesticides and less than a quarter used full PPE.Educational attainment, quantity of pesticides used, sources of pesticide information and other farmingpractices have a strong relationship with PPE use.