Abstract
The synthesis of ceramic pigments is conventionally carried out at a high temperature (not less than 1,200 °C). Its reduction implies using mineralizing additives, which have a different mechanism of action on the starting components of pigment charges. The effectiveness of the mineralizers is determined by their nature, content, degree of dispersion in the activated reagent. Thus, searching for the most effective mineralizers in the synthesis, in particular, of silicate-spinel ceramic pigments is an important scientific and practical task.We have investigated the effect of various mineralizing additives (B2O3, Na2B4O7, Na2O, NaF) on the processes of forming the crystal-phase composition of slag-containing ceramic pigments and the change in their color indicators. A direct dependence has been established between the melting point of the mineralizers and the efficiency of their influence on the formation of spinel phases, which are color carriers in such pigments. The tangible effect of the introduction of sodium fluoride, which has the highest melting point among the examined additives, is achieved as a result of the firing of pigments at a temperature not lower than 1,150 °C. The effect of sodium oxide is effective starting at a temperature of 1,100 °C. The most expedient to apply are the boron-containing compounds. Their introduction makes it possible to lower the firing temperature of slag-containing pigments to 1,050 °C while completely binding the starting components in the spinel solid solutions. The ceramic pigments that are thus synthesized enable the formation of glazed coatings, which, in terms of qualitative indicators, are not inferior to coatings obtained with the addition of high-temperature pigments (a firing temperature of 1,200–1,250 °С). The formation of silicate phases (diopside and wollastonite), which are not color carriers in the examined pigments, undergoes effective mineralized action from the supplements of NaF and B2O3
Highlights
Ceramic pigments are the most widespread and effective dyes when obtaining glazed ceramic, enameled metallic, and glass articles
Ceramic pigments are mostly obtained by solid-phase synthesis at high temperatures from chemically pure reagents
That is why the main trends in the development of the production of ceramic pigments are to extend the base of raw materials and to reduce the temperature of their synthesis
Summary
Ceramic pigments are the most widespread and effective dyes when obtaining glazed ceramic, enameled metallic, and glass articles. The use of anthropogenic raw materials containing the structure-forming and coloring oxides in order to obtain the pigments would reduce the cost of their production, partly to ensure the recycling of industrial waste. In this case, the qualitative indicators of the obtained dyes often are not inferior, and sometimes superior, to the quality of materials synthesized from conventional, technically pure and natural raw components. Despite the presence of mineralizers (NaCl and KCl), the temperature of pigment synthesis remained high and amounted to 1,200 °C It is shown in [16] that LiCl contributes to the transition of the tetragonal form of Nd2Si2O7 into monoclinic at a relatively low temperature of pigment thermal treatment (1,100 °C), thereby improving the color indicators. The lack of detailed studies of the comparative influence of certain mineralized additives on the characteristics of ceramic pigments, spinel and silicate, necessitated our research in this field
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