Abstract
Copper and β′ brass are electrodeposited in thin gap geometry and a clear transition from dense branching to fractal like pattern is observed with the variation of electric potential and concentration. The transition electric potential is 6V – 5V for copper and 25V for β′ brass. The explanation of the pattern transition is done first using the Laplacian growth as in the Di-electric Breakdown Model (DBM) and then on the basis of ion dynamics in terms of viscosity, ionic mobility, drift and thermal velocity. The fractal growth is more likely at higher electric potential as the electric field dominates and more likely to be dense branched at lower electric field when thermal motion dominates. This work inspires for further studies on modification of our model for the two ions electrodeposition and their compositional variation with different deposition parameters.
Highlights
Electrochemical deposition of metal in aqueous media has become a paradigm for the study of fractal formations under non-equilibrium conditions.[1]
The electrodeposition of copper in thin gap geometry clearly shows a transition of growth pattern from dense fractal like to dense branching
The pattern transition is successfully explained on the basis of ion dynamics in terms of viscosity, ionic mobility, drift and thermal velocity
Summary
Electrochemical deposition of metal in aqueous media has become a paradigm for the study of fractal formations under non-equilibrium conditions.[1] Deposits of various morphologies are reported using different metal ion concentrations and applied electric potential in thin gap geometry.[2,3,4,5] In the limit of low concentration and low potential, growth of ramified structures has been observed to be very similar to those given by Diffusion Limited Aggregation[6] (DLA) model developed by Witten and Sanders. Other models like Dielectric Breakdown Model[7] (DBM) have been introduced as a first step towards understanding the dynamic emergence of fractal structures in nature. The explanation of transition of growth pattern from dense branched to fractal like is beyond the domain of any one of these particular models
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