Abstract
This work presents the design and analysis of a beam switching antenna for VANET, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX wireless communication systems. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is powered by a coaxial cable and consists of a circular patch, six fish-shaped radiating elements, and a circular planar ground. The antenna was constructed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate. Its dimensions are as follows: 0.81λ0 × 0.81λ0 × 0.03λ0. It performs six reconfigurable operating states, at the same frequency, by controlling the activation and deactivation of six PIN diodes to change the beam’s direction. A theoretical equivalent circuit model of the antenna is extracted. A progressive analysis of improving the antenna characteristic performances is provided. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 9.07% (measured), 9.62% (simulated), and 9.31% (theoretical). The designed antenna has a maximum gain of 9.57 dB for all pattern states and a superior efficiency ratio from 85% to 95% over the operating range (5.54 GHz–6.10 GHz). The proposed reconfigurable antenna is fabricated. Measured, simulated, and theoretical results are given and show good agreement, including reflection coefficient (S11) and radiation patterns.
Highlights
In the last decade, wireless communication in different fields has been developed enormously due to the low cost and high performance of wireless devices
By monitoring the condition of two PIN diodes between the feed line and patch components, the antenna in [17] achieved two states. e radiation pattern of the antenna in [18] would be reconfigured by steering the status of two PIN diodes in two modes in the azimuth plane based on a circular monopole patch and three ship-shaped parasitic patches. e antenna
We propose a new antenna using six fishshaped radiating cells with reconfigurable radiation patterns that operate either as a reflector(s) or director(s) and a circular planar ground according to the switch states
Summary
Wireless communication in different fields has been developed enormously due to the low cost and high performance of wireless devices. Typical active elements used in reconfigurable metasurfaces [4, 5] include varactor diodes [6], radio-frequency micro-electromechanical systems (RF-MEMSs) [7], and PIN diodes [8], which have been used to achieve beam direction. Since they are not very costly, the PIN diodes are very effective and can combine with patch antennas [9,10,11,12]. By monitoring the condition of two PIN diodes between the feed line and patch components, the antenna in [17] achieved two states. e radiation pattern of the antenna in [18] would be reconfigured by steering the status of two PIN diodes in two modes in the azimuth plane based on a circular monopole patch and three ship-shaped parasitic patches. e antenna
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