Pattern Recognition In Geophysical Exploration

Abstract

Image processing and pattern recognition techniques are used in many aspects of seismic data processing and interpretation. These tools can effectively complement and simplify the task of the geophysicist and geologist in detecting and mapping potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the past, seismic interpretation was concerned mainly with mapping subsurface structures. With the advent of digital field recording and improved signal processing techniques, it became clear that the seismic section contains more than just structural information. The data contain details about attenuation and other attributes of the seismic signal that can be used to indirectly determine rock properties. The geophysicist now has the capability not only to map structure but to determine subsurface lithology. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques are being used to classify and sort the myriad of data available into an easily understood depiction of subsurface structure and lithology. This paper consists of an overview of the seismic technique and recent applications of pattern recognition to seismic exploration. A case history is presented showing how pattern recognition techniques were used to locate the termination of a gas-bearing sandstone between a producing well and a dry well.