Pattern of Substance Use among Patients Attending De-Addiction Unit in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

Substance use is a growing public health problem and the consequences of substance use disorder are costly to the community. The absence of data on the pattern of substance-use among drug using patients attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and other hospitals in south-south Nigeria and the negative consequences of substance use justified the study. Thus, the objectives of the study were to investigate the pattern of substance use, the socio-demographic characteristics and clinical indices associated with drug use among the patients attending the De-Addiction Unit in UBTH. It was a cross-sectional study that obtained data from casefiles of 48 patients. Cannabis was the most frequently used substance (52.1%), followed by alcohol (18.8%), tobacco (16.7%), tramadol (14.6%) and pentazocine (12.5%). Majority of the respondents were males 38 (79.2%), age group 18 to 27 years (75%), singles 38 (79.2%), multiple substance users 34 (70.8%), reported peer pressure influence 35 (72.9%) and reported ‘smoking’ as route of substance use 32 (66.7%). It was observed that prevalence of use of drugs among females was rising. The commonest psychiatric co-morbidity among them was depression 19 (39.6%), followed by bipolar affective disorder 10 (20.8%) and schizophrenia 7 (14.6%). Substance use prevention, treatment and control measures need to pay attention to males and female users, since the prevalence of substance use among female is rising. Such programs must bear in mind the adolescent and young adult age groups and measures to mitigate the use of common substances such as alcohol and cannabis must continue to enjoy priority. During screening/assessment for substance use, a high index of suspicion for comorbidities especially depression is important. Peer group influence and curiosity, which are identified reasons for initiating substance use, may be checked by targeted health education.