Abstract
Background: Salivary gland tumours though rare but constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours accounting for 5% of head and neck tumours with a high incidence reported in other part of the world compared with studies in Sub-saharan Africa. Aim: To describe the dermographic and histopathological patterns of salivary gland tumuors in a tertiary health institution Sokoto. Materials and Method: This was a five-year descriptive and retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed and managed with salivary gland tumour in the department of ear, nose and throat, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto between January 2010 and December 2014. Clinical records and histopathological slides of these patients were retrieved and data extracted from the case files included patients demography, site of the tumour, and histopathological diagnosis. Data obtained were analysed using IBM-SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 103 salivary gland tumours (SGTs) during the study period. Age ranged from 1 year to 75 years with a mean age of 41.66 (±17.80) years. There was a male preponderance of 53.4% and 46.6% female with a M:F of 1.2:1. Histologically, 35 (34.0%) were benign and 68 (66.0%) were malignant lesion. Minor salivary gland 63 (61.2%) was the commonest gland involved followed by the parotid 27 (26.2%) gland. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was most frequent malignant lesion and pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign tumour. Conclusion: Minor salivary glands of the palate are the principal site for salivary gland malignancy with male preponderance and SCC being the most frequent malignant lesion. Therefore any SGTs should raise a high index of suspicion.
Highlights
Salivary glands though useful to the body, may give rise to many disease conditions including tumours
Information retrieved from patients’ case files included-patient’s demographics, anatomical location of the tumor, and histopathologic diagnosis. These salivary gland tumours (SGTs) were classified in accordance with the 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) Histological Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours [5], and the information obtained was fed into a spreadsheet and the data generated was analysed using IBM
A total of 103 SGTs were seen within the study period
Summary
Salivary glands though useful to the body, may give rise to many disease conditions including tumours. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global incidence of salivary gland tumors is about 0.4 - 13.5 cases per 100,000-population annually [5] These tumors occur mainly in the parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands; while the sublingual gland is rarely affected [6]. The parotid tends to have predilection for benign tumours while the sublingual and other minor salivary glands have higher predilection for malignant tumours [8] [10] Because of their varied histologic characters and wide range of biologic behavior, salivary gland tumours are challenging to both surgeons and histopathologists. Salivary gland tumours though rare but constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours accounting for 5% of head and neck tumours with a high incidence reported in other part of the world compared with studies in Sub-saharan Africa. Age ranged from 1 year to 75 years with a mean age of 41.66
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