Pattern of Renal Diseases Among Hospitalised Children in Sagamu

Abstract

Renal diseases in children constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children; relevant data is scanty, leading to the lack of adequate planning and policy. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of renal diseases in a population of hospitalised children. These baseline data may help in health policy formulation. It is a descriptive cross -sectional study of all admission into the children’s wards comprising the newborn unit, emergency room and children ward of the hospital, over a five-year period. The total number of admission over the p e r i o d w a s 3 9 3 8 , r e n a l d i s e a s e s c o n s t i t u t e d 2 . 8 % o f a l l a d m i s s i o n s (110/3938). Males were 78 (70.9%) and females were 32 (29.1%) with a sex ratio of 2.4:1. Age range was between 0 and 15 years with a mean of 2.23 + 1.1years. Acute kidney injury was seen in 29.1%, urinary tract infection and nephrotic syndrome was present in 21.8% each. Congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was present in 11.9%; out of this, obstructive uropathy accounted for 6.4%. Nephroblastoma was present in 3.6% and male was found to be predominante in these diseases. Acute renal failure is the leading cause of kidney disease among hospitalised children. It occurs due to preventable causes, therefore efforts at early identification and intervention is canvassed for so as to prevent morbidity arising from this condition.