Pattern of pediatric renal diseases in a rural tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Spectrum of renal disease varies in different population, geographical location, and by environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to find out the occurrence of different pediatric renal diseases at a teaching hospital in the rural part of Maharashtra, India.Methods: All cases of renal diseases from one month to 12 years of age, admitted to the wards during the period of July 2018 to December 2019, were included in the study. Detailed clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed on all patients. Diseases were categorized as per standard definitions and managed with hospital protocols.Results: Renal diseases accounted to be 235 cases (2.8%) of total pediatric admissions during study period, of which (61.3%) were male and (38.7%) female. Nephrotic syndrome (NS), was the most common disorder (34%) followed by congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) (24.7%), urolithiasis (11%), urinary tract infection (10.63%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (7.66%) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.83%). The causes of AKI were dehydration, urosepsis, septicemia, and acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Mortality was found in 3.4% of cases and the etiologies were AKI, NS and CKD.Conclusions: A substantial number of children are hospitalized with renal and urinary tract diseases. NS and congenital defects were the leading renal disorders in this study. These patients need comprehensive services for early identification and management.