Abstract
BackgroundA kidney biopsy is being increasingly performed for the diagnosis of renal diseases. It is a reasonably safe procedure that helps not only to reach the correct diagnosis based on histopathological findings but also helps in predicting the clinical course and outcome. The pattern of kidney diseases varies not only in far apart geographical regions but also in the same country. This study was done to evaluate the demographic pattern and spectrum of kidney diseases in renal biopsy-proven cases in an admitted patient of a tertiary care hospital of northern India.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 41.3 years ± 18.39 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. The most common indication for biopsy in this study was nephrotic syndrome (40.5%). The primary glomerular disease was most common, accounting for 57.5% of cases. Membranous nephropathy (MN) was the most frequently observed histopathological diagnosis not only in the primary glomerular disease category (22.9%) but of all cases (13.2%) as well. Among secondary cases, diabetic nephropathy was most frequent, constituting 43.4% cases. Interstitial and vascular diseases accounted for 18.8% and 1.8% of total cases, respectively. While minimal change disease (MCD) was the most common diagnosis in < 18-year age group, membranous nephropathy was most common above this age. Regarding the gender factor, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis had an equal distribution among both genders, while MCD had a female preponderance.ConclusionsPrimary glomerular disease is the predominant kidney disease in northern India with MN being the most common histopathological diagnosis. The spectrum of kidney diseases varied with patient’s age and gender.
Highlights
A kidney biopsy is being increasingly performed for the diagnosis of renal diseases
Kidney disease is a problem of epidemic proportions in India, and with the increasing burden of diabetes and hypertension coupled with the growing elderly population, it is likely to further aggravate
Kidney diseases manifest as a nephrotic syndrome (NS), nephritic syndrome (NES), rapidly progressive renal failure
Summary
A kidney biopsy is being increasingly performed for the diagnosis of renal diseases. This study was done to evaluate the demographic pattern and spectrum of kidney diseases in renal biopsy-proven cases in an admitted patient of a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Various diagnostic tests like urine-based investigations and biochemical and serological tests are used to make a diagnosis, but the histopathological examination of the renal tissue is still considered the gold standard in reaching the diagnosis in various types of kidney diseases [2]. Kidney biopsy is a procedure, which is used as the main tool for the correct characterization of different types of renal diseases, the severity of the disease, and for management of many. The present study was done to know the frequency of different types of kidney diseases in admitted patients through histopathological findings. The present study is a prospective analysis of renal biopsies performed at a single center at a tertiary care teaching hospital; it is a cultural and linguistic area situated in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh
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