Abstract
Objective:To determine frequency of electrolyte imbalance including sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium levels present in patients with uncontrolled diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.Methods:This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Medicine Department, Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from March 2017 to October 2017. A total of one hundred and eighty one admitted and OPD patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c more than 7%) were included and their demographics, comorbidities, microvascular complications, drug history, fasting and random blood glucose and serum electrolyte levels were recorded.Results:In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, decrease in serum sodium and chloride levels were observed to be statistically highly significant (p-value less than or equal to 0.05) while that of potassium and magnesium showed insignificant alterations. Sodium level was also observed to decline with increasing pattern of urine for microalbumin.Conclusion:Electrolyte imbalance is markedly present in patients with uncontrolled blood sugars therefore serum electrolytes should be routinely measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum fasting blood glucose can be used as a predictor for electrolytes.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases globally
The variables includes the demographics of patients, age, gender, MR number, and duration of diabetes mellitus, height, weight, co-morbidities of the patients, diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, electrolyte levels, urine for microalbumin, fasting blood glucose and medications history
The present study showed significant reduction in serum sodium and chloride levels with increasing fasting blood glucose and increase in serum potassium levels
Summary
Diabetes is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases globally. The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014.1 Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middleand low-income countries. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation.[2,3] In 2012, an estimated 1.5 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes and another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to hyperglycemia. Almost half of all deaths due to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. More than 425 million people have diabetes in the world
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
