Abstract
Reactive localized hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity (RHLs) are relatively common peripheral lesions which present as a range of clinically similar lesions at dental centers. Diagnosis can be challenging if dentists are unfamiliar with their clinicopathological across various populations. This study reviews the pattern of distribution of RHLs of the oral mucosa in a hospital- the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife. We reviewed 10 years data from the archives of the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Information on RHLs were extracted and recorded on standardized data forms and analyzed using STATA. The most common lesions were pyogenic granuloma (43.7%) and focal fibrous hyperplasia (39.7%), respectively. RHLs were found to be more frequent in women (66.7%) than men (33.3%). The most common locations of involvement was the gingivae (84.6%), and lesions were more common in the 9-29 year age group and the mean age was 37.7 (±21.1) years. The relationship between age group and reactive lesions was however not statistically significant. The major benefit of this study is an improved knowledge of the frequency and distribution of oral reactive lesions in sub-Saharan Africa which may be highly beneficial when establishing a diagnosis and treatment plan in clinical practice.
Highlights
The oral mucosal membrane is regularly exposed to various physical, chemical and microbial insults[1,2,3]
The major benefit of this study is an improved knowledge of the frequency and distribution of oral reactive lesions in sub-Saharan Africa which may be highly beneficial when establishing a diagnosis and treatment plan in clinical practice
In a low grade prolonged trauma, inflammation may result in the formation of granulation tissue which is characterized by the presence of endothelial cells, chronic inflam-matory cells, and proliferating fibroblasts- presenting clinically as an overgrowth called reactive hyperplasia[4,5]
Summary
The oral mucosal membrane is regularly exposed to various physical, chemical and microbial insults[1,2,3]. In a low grade prolonged trauma, inflammation (which is the response of the body to insults) may result in the formation of granulation tissue which is characterized by the presence of endothelial cells, chronic inflam-matory cells (sometimes with inclusion of neutrophils), and proliferating fibroblasts- presenting clinically as an overgrowth called reactive hyperplasia[4,5]. These lesions are non-neoplastic but a chronic process in which an exuberant tissue response occurs following re¬pair[6,7]. Diagnosis can be challenging if dentists are unfamiliar with their clinicopathological across various populations
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