Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases among Less than 5 Years Old Children of Bangladesh-An Observational Study from a Pediatric Cardiac Center

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital problems. CHD is about 25% of all congenital malformations and is the most common type of heart disease among children. It may present in different ages from birth to adolescence. Worldwide, CHD is relatively common with a prevalence ranging from 1.0-6.6 per 1000 live births. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of congenital heart diseases among less than 5 years old Children of a pediatric cardiac center. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study and conducted in the Department of pediatric cardiology of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from July, 2018 to July, 2020. A total of 1000 patients from outdoor and indoor patient registry who were diagnosed and treated as a case of congenital heart disease within the mentioned period were included in the study. Result: Majority of our patients was male (58%) compared to female (42%). Among all patients, 29.80% had VSD, followed by 20.4% & 14.9% had ASD & TOF respectively and 72% & 28% of our patients had Acyanotic & cyanotic CHD respectively.VSD & TOF was the most common in patients with acyanotic & cyanotic CHD respectively. Recurrent RTI, pneumonia, heart failure, infective endocarditis, and Cyanotic spell are common complications of congenital heart disease. Down syndrome and congenital rubella syndrome are the main syndromic association in congenital heart diseases. The majority (97%) of our patients improved, and 3% died. Conclusion: Our study focuses on the congenital heart diseases of children of Bangladesh. Among the acyanotic congenital heart disease, VSD is the maximum & among the cyanotic congenital heart disease TOF is the highest in number. With early diagnosis, treatment and regular follow up, mortality rate is very low and the prognosis is excellent.