Abstract
Abstract The beam of a moderately sensitive 3-centimeter radar has been kept pointed to the zenith. Height/time records of snow echoes for seven winter weeks have been correlated with analyses of standard upper-air data. The major part of the record in nearly every storm contains trail patterns, formed as the snow falls from generating cells aloft. The majority of the related generating levels occur somewhere between 11,000 and 20,000 feet, between −12 and −34 degrees Celsius. Combined data from this and a previous study show that of 24 generating levels, 16 occur in maritime polar air and 16 occur in the lowest fifth of the relevant air-mass. In all but three of the cases of the present study, the snow generation takes place in stable air. Terminal speeds, deduced from the trail patterns, are estimated to range from 1 to 6 feet per second. At the leading edge of a storm, the radar usually records snow overhead for some time before any snow falls at the radar site. Occasionally the lower edge is patterned...
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