Abstract
En este trabajo se analiza los patrones de distribución geográfica de los bosques subtropicales perennifolios de hoja ancha del suroeste de china, y se comparan con los de otras regiones subtropicales del este de China en términos de tipología de bosque, especies relevantes, y distribución espacial a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal. De manera general, los bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha de la regiones subtropicales tanto orientales como occidentales presentan dominancia de especies de Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae), Machilus, Cinnamomum (Lauraceae), Schima (Theaceae), Manglietia y Michelia (Magnoliaceae); sin embargo, mientras que en el suroeste de China hay más diversidad de tipos de bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha —húmedos, semi-húmedos, monzónicos y montanos húmedos—, en el este del país la variedad de tipos se limita a dos: monzónicos y húmedos. El área de Yunnan tiene una mayor variedad de especies dominantes de los géneros Lithocarpus, Cyclobalanopsis y Castanopsis, mientras que en este de China el género dominante es casi invariablemente Castanopsis. El límite altitudinal superior de los bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha se sitúa en 2400-2800 m para el oeste de las provincias de Yunnan y Sichuan, muy superior a lo que sucede en el este del país (entre 600 y 1500 m, aunque para Taiwan el límite alcanza los 2500 m). En último lugar se discuten los efectos medioambientales sobre la diversidad de especies vegetales de los bosques perennes de hoja ancha, y se proporcionan ejemplos de Yunnan y Taiwan.
Highlights
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests refer to lauro-fagaceous evergreen forests, known as lucidophylls or laurophylls, referring to their often glossy leaves
Climatic delimitation of Asian regions has been discussed by investigators (Wolfe, 1979; Ohsawa, 1990, 1993; Kira, 1991; Box, 1995) who have emphasized the seasonal variations in temperature of the monsoon system as the principal determinant of plant distribution patterns
China’s subtropical region is divided into three different zones: (1) the southern subtropics, extending from latitude 22o to 24o or 25o N; (2) the middle subtropics, which lie between 24o or 25o N and 31o or 32o N; and (3) the northern subtropics which cover from 31o or 32o N to 34o or 35o N (Hou, 1983)
Summary
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (hereafter EBLFs) refer to lauro-fagaceous evergreen forests, known as lucidophylls or laurophylls, referring to their often glossy leaves. These forests, dominated by the genera Castanopsis In the subtropical regions of China, extensive secondary forests have recently been grown on land used for agriculture or firewood production from the 19th to the middle 20th century, but remnants of the natural EBLFs are still found in remote isolated areas, on steep slopes, in nearly inaccessible or protected areas in nature reserves, and around temples. Especially Yunnan, is home to the most diversified subtropical EBLFs to be found in East Asia (Tang & Ohsawa, 2009; Tang, 2010; Tang et al, 2013). In this paper the aim is to present an overview of the distribution patterns of the subtropical EBLFs across SW China as compared with all the Chinese subtropical regions to the east
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