Abstract
Two types of patron-client relationships are delineated as a means of addressing the problem of the nature of social participation of impoverished and working class urbanites in Brazil. Based on research in a squatter settlement in Salvador, the survival type and the alliance type are distinguished by the analysis of household incomes, household networks and the processes by which the relationships are formed. The types differ by household income level, gender of clients and patrons, the form of the household network, number of patrons, what is exchanged and the function of the tie. The extensive division of labor in urban areas, some of which is reflected in the characteristics of the types, means that the ties are dispersed in networks and across the urban area. The lack of ties between patron-client relationships has an effect on solidarity. The function of the alliance tie, in some cases, promotes vertical alliances without vertical solidarity. The survival type, rather than promoting vertical solidar...
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