Abstract
Few civilizations, such as ancient Roman, ancient Greek and medieval Arabian have given to humanity so many revolutionary ideas, philosophical reflections, legal solutions, and systematization of legal norms and the legal regulation of the entire social system interwoven by temporal and spiritual, religious and civil norms. Given the above, this paper will focus on the study of the legal position and the importance of the role of pater familias and its patria potestas that will become a family-legal paradigm of establishing relations between parents and children, and of an approach to raising children. Due to the impact that they had on Roman law, the author examines the socio-legal relations in Sparta and Athens, but also in Arabian country that was the cradle of science, free thought and an establishment of a new legal system in the Middle Ages. By analyzing legal solutions of that time, we cannot a priori state that the legal status of men and women was predominant in all civilizations and in all times, without defining the type of men and women in question.
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