Patología vascular aguda, isquemia arterial aguda y síndrome aórtico agudo

Abstract

Acute vascular pathology, and specifically acute limb ischemia and acute aortic syndrome (AAS), have a high morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to make a correct diagnosis and provide treatment to reduce it in a short period of time.Acute limb ischemia is the result of a sudden decrease in blood supply to the limbs. It progresses with signs of hypoperfusion, pain, and functional weakness in the affected limb. AAS includes three clinical entities: dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. They progress with sudden, piercing pain associated with hypertension.In regard to acute limb ischemia, clinical suspicion is essential and, although they are not indispensable, imaging studies can confirm the diagnosis and are useful in surgical planning. In the case of AAS, an angio-CT scan is the diagnostic test of choice. Systemic anticoagulation is the initial treatment for acute limb ischemia. In many cases, revascularization surgery is also necessary. In cases of type A AAS, the treatment is emergency surgery. For type B, the initial treatment is medical, with monitoring and blood pressure control.