Patología del esófago. Manifestaciones esofágicas de enfermedades sistémicas. Divertículos esofágicos

Abstract

IntroductionThe oesophagus is a cylindrical muscular organ whose essential function is to propel the food bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach. The process of swallowing or primary peristalsis can be divided into 3 phases: oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal. Clinical manifestationsThe clinical manifestations of oesophageal disease are dysphagia, sore throat, heartburn, regurgitation, oesophageal food bolus obstruction and atypical chest pain. Systemic diseasesThe oesophagus is frequently involvement in systemic diseases. These diseases do not have specific symptoms. Their diagnosis is therefore difficult, and the main diagnostic techniques are oesophageal manometry and endoscopy. Oesophageal diverticulaDiverticula are hernias of the oesophageal wall, which form small bags or sacs that connect to the wall. Their origin can be congenital or acquired. Patients with symptoms clearly related to these hernias should be treated.