Patients with left bundle branch block and left axis deviation show a specific left ventricular asynchrony pattern: Implications for left ventricular lead placement during CRT implantation

Abstract

BackgroundLeft bundle branch block (LBBB) and left axis deviation (LAD) patients may have poor response to resynchronization therapy (CRT). We sought to assess if LBBB and LAD patients show a specific pattern of mechanical asynchrony. MethodsCRT candidates with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and LBBB were categorized as having normal QRS axis (within −30° and +90°) or LAD (within −30° and −90°). Patients underwent tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to measure time interval between onset of QRS complex and peak systolic velocity in ejection period (Q-peak) at basal segments of septal, inferior, lateral and anterior walls, as expression of local timing of mechanical activation. ResultsThirty patients (mean age 70.6years; 19 males) were included. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.28±0.06. Mean QRS duration was 172.5±13.9ms. Fifteen patients showed LBBB with LAD (QRS duration 173±14; EF 0.27±0.06). The other 15 patients had LBBB with a normal QRS axis (QRS duration 172±14; EF 0.29±0.05).Among patients with LAD, Q-peak interval was significantly longer at the anterior wall in comparison to each other walls (septal 201±46ms, inferior 242±58ms, lateral 267±45ms, anterior 302±50ms; p<0.0001). Conversely, in patients without LAD Q-peak interval was longer at lateral wall, when compared to each other (septal 228±65ms, inferior 250±64ms, lateral 328±98ms, anterior 291±86ms; p<0.0001). ConclusionsPatients with heart failure, presenting LBBB and LAD, show a specific pattern of ventricular asynchrony, with latest activation at anterior wall. This finding could affect target vessel selection during CRT procedures in these patients.