Patients' rights and informed consent: Swedish experiences

Abstract

Care and treatment must as far as possible be designed and conducted in consultation with the patient, who must be informed of his state of health and of the treatment methods available. This is what the Swedish Health and Medical Services Act prescribes. This principle is in accordance with modern consumer policy, but for several reasons the patient is not an ideal “buyer.” Unquestionably, the system is characterized by professional dominance. The professions are supported by a cultural climate where formal complaints are exceptional. A unilateral liability insurance, the No Fault Patient Insurance, covers every patient. It pays standard amounts in the event of mishaps or malpractice without raising any questions as to who is to blame. There are 5,000 complaints per year, and roughly half of these result in payment to the patient. Lack of information about risks in diagnosis or therapy are mentioned in about 10 percent of the complaints.