Abstract
Knowledge of renal blood circulation is considered as an important physiological value, particularly for fast detection of acute allograft rejection as well as the management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure. The electrical impedance signal obtained from kidney with an appropriate electrode system and optimal electrode system position regarding to the kidney projection on skin surface reflects the nature of renal blood circulation and tone of renal blood vessels. This paper proposes a specific numerical modelling based on prior information from MRI-data. The numerical modelling was conducted for electrical impedance change estimation due to renal blood distribution. The proposed model takes into the account the geometrical and electrophysiological parameters of tissues around the kidney as well as the actual blood distribution within the kidney. The numerical modelling had shown that it is possible to register the electrical impedance signal caused by renal blood circulation with an electrode system commensurate with the size of kidney, which makes it possible to reduce the influence of surrounding tissues and organs. Experimental studies were obtained to prove the numerical modelling and the effectiveness of developed electrode systems based on the obtained simulation results. The obtained electrical impedance signal with the appropriate electrode system shows very good agreement with the renal blood change estimated using Doppler ultrasound. For the measured electrical impedance signal, it is possible to obtain the amplitude-time parameters, which reflect the hemodynamic characteristics of the kidneys and used in diagnostics, which is the subject of further research.
Highlights
Received: 29 November 2021Renal function is intimately dependent on renal blood circulation [1]
The presented in Figure 7Results show the results of numerical modeling of two cases of layered renal bloodplots distribution
7 show numerical modeling of two ca change in relation to the electrode spacing change, the impedance change is a functionimpeda of layered renal blood distribution
Summary
Received: 29 November 2021Renal function is intimately dependent on renal blood circulation [1]. The measurement of renal blood circulation is time consuming and not widely available, the current methods are either invasive, rely on the use of radioactive tracers which are diffusible, have kinetics which are complicated by tubular transport or glomerular filtration, or cannot allow the assessment of small variations and rapid changes in renal blood flow and cannot be used for bedside monitoring [2]. The real time measurement of renal blood flow using contrast-enhanced ultrasound was considered in [2,3], this method is cost-effective and widely available, it still has considerable limitations in sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of allograft rejection [3]. Due to the anatomical location of kidney especially with obese patients as well as the adjacent organs such as liver, spleen even the surrounds muscles and fat tissues made the authors, who studied this method previously
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