Abstract
Prevalence of stone disease is high and its management relies on both medical and surgical treatment. The primary objective of surgical treatment is to render the patient stone free. Assessing the impact of a residual fragment (RF) on the natural history of stone disease is difficult for several reasons: there is no consensus on the precise definition of a RF; there is a wide variability of imaging modalities used to assess a RF; and there is a lack of high quality studies on the impact of a RF. However, it seems that small size RF have little influence on stone recurrence. Given the decreased quality of life, the inherent morbidity and increased costs associated with repeated procedures, comprehensive metabolic evaluation and active medical management are the key elements for preventing recurrent stones and should be instituted in all patients with RF.
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