Patient Safety Culture and Its Associated Factors: A Situational Analysis among Nurses in Katsina Public Hospitals, Northwest Nigeria.

Musa Sani Kaware,Abduljaleel Umar Abdullahi,Suhaily Mohd Hairon,Mohd Ismail Ibrahim,Mohd Nazri Shafei

doi:10.3390/ijerph19063305

Abstract

Background: Patient safety involves identifying, assessing, and managing patient-related risks and occurrences to improve patient care and reduce patient harm. In Nigeria, there is a lack of studies on patient safety culture, especially in the northern part of the country. This study aimed to determine the levels and factors that contribute to nurses’ negative perceptions of patient safety culture in public health facilities. Methodology: A total of 460 nurses were surveyed across 21 secondary health facilities using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, and the response rate was 93.5%. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that 59.8% of the respondents were female, and 42.6% were within the age range of 30–39 years old. Most of them (48.3%) had spent 1–5 years working in the hospital. Three out of 12 composite measures had higher negative responses (staffing—30.5%, non-punitive response to error—42.8%, and frequency of events reported—43.1%). A multiple logistic regression analysis affirmed that all three variables, in addition to organizational learning, were significant associated with overall negative perceptions of patient safety culture, with 3.15, 1.84, 2.26, and 2.39 odds ratios, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that four critical areas of patient safety required improvement; therefore, intervention is recommended to minimize unnecessary patient harm and medical expenses.

Highlights

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralSafety culture is a term used to assess “the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions shared by natural groups as defining norms and values” [1], which determine how they react concerning reporting, analyzing, and preventing errors that can develop into life-threatening circumstances or outcomes
Of the total number of nurses (430) who participated in the study, 257 (59.8%) were female, and the remaining 173 (40.2%) were male
The survey item having the highest score was “We are actively doing things to improve patient safety” (97.9%); “In this unit, people treat each other with respect” (95.8%); followed by “When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done” (94.4%); “My supervisor or manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety” (92.4%); “After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness” (91.7%); “My supervisor or manager says a good word when he or she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures” (91.3%); and “Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients” (91.2%)

Summary

Introduction

Safety culture is a term used to assess “the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions shared by natural groups as defining norms and values” [1], which determine how they react concerning reporting, analyzing, and preventing errors that can develop into life-threatening circumstances or outcomes. Recent studies have revealed that medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States of America after cancer and heart disease [3]. Another with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion