Patient-reported functional outcomes 30 days after hospitalization for COVID-19.

Abstract

BackgroundMany coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) survivors experience persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnea, and musculoskeletal pain. However, less is known about the impact of COVID‐19 on longer term functional outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate patient‐reported activity of daily living (ADL) function and fatigue symptoms 30 days after hospitalization for COVID‐19.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary care university hospital.ParticipantsAdults 18 years or older hospitalized for COVID‐19 and survived to 30 days after discharge.MethodsA standardized telephone questionnaire was administered 30 days after hospital discharge.Main Outcome MeasuresAbility to perform basic and instrumental ADLs and fatigue symptoms severity (Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Fatigue Short Form 7a) were assessed by self‐report.ResultsParticipants (n = 55) were 22‐95 years old. Compared to pre‐COVID hospitalization, 52% developed new difficulty and 6% new dependence with performing basic ADLs (bADLs), 48% developed new difficulty and 11% new dependence with instrumental ADLs (iADLs), and 69% experienced a clinically significant worsening in their fatigue symptom severity. The average fatigue symptom severity T‐score before hospitalization was 44.2 ± 7.4 and after hospitalization was 54.5 ± 9.8. In exploratory multivariate analyses, each additional COVID symptom at presentation was associated with a predicted increase of 1.43 units (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–2.42) in the 30‐day fatigue symptom severity T‐score, each additional day of hospitalization was associated with an 1.2 times increased odds of worsening fatigue (95% CI, 0.98–1.5; p = .08), and each unit increase in baseline body mass index was associated with 0.8 times decreased odds of new bADL or iADL dependence at 30 days (95% CI, 0.65–0.99).ConclusionsNew functional impairments are common at 30 days after discharge among survivors of hospitalization for COVID‐19. Early rehabilitation, advance care planning, and referrals to appropriate therapies should be considered in postacute COVID‐19 care to maximize patients' functional outcomes. However, ongoing research is still needed regarding management of these patients.