Patient Outcomes and Rate of Intensive Care Unit Admissions Following Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 775 Patients.

Abstract

Background The last two decades have seen a significant rise in obesity and its adverse consequences across the globe. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a widely employed therapeutic approach for weight reduction and alleviating the risk of obesity-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. As bariatric procedures are gaining popularity, the complications associated with these procedures can not be ignored. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions following bariatric surgery and ICU-related mortality. Methodology This retrospective study conducted at King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain evaluated the patient outcomes and the rate of ICU admissions following bariatric surgery between 2018 and 2022. Demographic data of the patients were extracted from electronic health records. The primary endpoint was ICU admission incidence and mortality, while secondary outcomes included risk factors, duration of ICU stay, and complications leading to ICU admission. Results Of the 775 patients included, 66.3% were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.92 ± 21.12 years. Over 91% of the patients had a body mass index above 30 kg/m2. The most common primary procedure was laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (75%), followed by gastric bypass (22.6%). In revision bariatric surgery, the majority (91.3%) had a conversion from sleeve gastrectomy to gastric bypass. Overall, 0.77% of patients were admitted to the ICU, with the majority being unplanned ICU admissions (0.52%). The average ICU stay was 21 days (1 to 54 days). The most common reason for ICU admission was sepsis, septic shock, and gastric leakage. Conclusions The results of this study show a relatively lower number of ICU admissions after bariatric surgery compared to previous studies.