Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a modified form of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with an additional protein component, apolipoprotein(a). Elevated levels of Lp(a) (>50 mg/dL), which are present in 20% of the population, impart a risk of developing cardiovascular disease similar to LDL. A good understanding of LDL catabolism led to the development of therapies to effectively lower LDL, i.e., statins and the PCSK9 inhibitors which both upregulate the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The pathway for Lp(a) clearance is more complicated with multiple receptors operating via different forms of endocytosis being identified.
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