Abstract
Synergism among the groundnut rosette disease (GRD) pathogens of <i></i>Groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, <i>Luteovirus) </i> and <i>Groundnut rosette virus</i> (GRV, <i>Umbravirus</i>) associated with a satellite-ribonucleic acid (sat-RNA), have declined groundnut (Peanut, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) production in Kenya. The polyphagous groundnut aphid (<i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch; <i>Homoptera: Aphididae</i>) efficiently transmits GRD in sub-Saharan Africa. Inadequate information available on the pathosystem, epiphytology and genomic characterization of GRAV, GRV and sat-RNA pathogens in Kenya, have hampered control and management technologies due to their intimate complex etiology, the bottleneck which this study unravels. A survey of GRD was conducted in western Kenya among the four counties of Bungoma, Busia, Kisumu and Kisii during the short rains season of 2019. A total of 10 symptomatic leaf samples were selected from the collected samples and preserved until use. Total RNA was extracted from the symptomatic leaf samples using GeneJET Plant RNA Purification Mini Kit according to the manufacturers’ protocol. RT-PCR detection of GRD pathogens was done using specific primers of GRAV, GRV and sat-RNA. DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Sanger sequencing platform. Phylogenetic analyses and comparisons were performed using MEGA X software. The sequence quality were checked based on the peak of the electrophoregram and trimmed using CLC main work bench v20. The sequences were assembled with final consensus exported as FASTA file format and BLAST searched against NCBI database using BLASTn. The BLAST hit with nucleotide identity of at least 97% identity were considered, downloaded, uploaded to MEGA X and multiple alignment done with Gap Opening Penalty of 15 and Gap Extension Penalty of 5.5. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with best DNA/Protein model based on automatic Neighbor Joining Tree and Maximum Likelihood method of nucleotides substitution by Kimura 2 Parameter with Invariant Plus Gamma. The two GRAV isolates from Kenya (Ken_G10 and Ken_G2) clustered together in group II while the rest clustered in group I. The Kenyan novel GRAV isolates are more similar to each other than with any other sequences implying common ancestry than with the other African isolates. The Kenyan sat-RNA isolates formed two distinct groups with sub-groups within the clusters. Isolates Ken_G11 and Ken_G6 clustered together in group II while Ken_G10 and Ken_G7 clustered together in group I. Ken_G6 clustered with other Kenyan sat-RNA isolates implying a possible identity by descent (IBD), suggesting a possible impact of a genetic bottleneck whose cause should be investigated further to infer any conclusions.
Highlights
Leguminous groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop is an important food and oilseed plant in Kenya, grown in diverse environments between 400N and 400S in the world [1]
Seven samples from the selected ten during the field survey were tested by two-step Reverse TranscriptasePolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to detect Groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV), Groundnut rosette virus (GRV) and sat-RNA using their specific primers (Table 1)
Five samples tested positive for GRAV, six samples tested positive for GRV and four samples tested positive for satRNA (Figures 2, 3 and 4)
Summary
Leguminous groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop is an important food and oilseed plant in Kenya, grown in diverse environments between 400N and 400S in the world [1]. A survey in the groundnut growing seasons of 1997-1998 in western Kenya by Wangai et al (2001) showed that GRD incidence ranged between 24-40% [2]. Groundnut rosette disease is efficiently transmitted by the polyphagous groundnut aphid Aphis craccivora Koch in a persistent circulative manner, and inefficiently by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer [5] because the latter two vectors are not significant in the pathosystem ecology of GRD perpetuation. The GRD epiphytology is a complex involving intimate synergistic interaction between and among the aphid vector, GRAV, GRV and its sat-RNA, the host plant and environment [8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
