Abstract

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is characterized by ovarian enlargement, ascites and pleural effusion. Most cases of OHSS develop after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. The basis of the process is increased vascular permeability, and this is related to VEGF. VEGF is produced in granulosa cells in response to gonadotropin stimulation and its secretion is augmented following human chorionic gonadotropin administration. One of the major risk factors is polycystic ovaries. Preventive strategies include mild stimulation protocols, coasting, in vitro maturation, infusion of macromolecule solutions and coadministration of dopamine agonists. OHSS is a self-limiting condition and most cases can be managed with paracentesis and fluid replacement. In this article, we review pathogenesis, risk factors, strategies for prevention and management of OHSS.

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