Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an outcome of disturbances in metabolic activities through oxidative stress, local inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a prime cause of fatality worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders in diabetic individuals have become a challenge in diagnosis and formulation of treatment prototype. It is necessary to have a better understanding of cellular pathophysiology that reveal the therapeutic targets and prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases due to hyperglycemia. Critical changes in levels of collagen and integrin have been observed in the extracellular matrix of heart, which was responsible for cardiac remodeling in diabetic patients. This review explored the understanding of the mechanisms of how the phytochemicals provide cardioprotection under diabetes along with the caveats and provide future perspectives on these agents as prototypes for the development of drugs for managing DCM. Thus, here we summarized the effect of various plant extracts and natural polyphenols tested in preclinical and cell culture models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further, the potential use of selected polyphenols that improved the therapeutic efficacy against diabetic cardiomyopathy is also illustrated.
Highlights
Diabetes, a group of metabolic diseases associated with damage and dysfunction of various organs, especially the heart, and lead to cardiovascular diseases
Based on the findings the key findings on disease pathways and treatment options such as targeting antioxidant-signaling pathways, we proposed a figure that involves in the treatment strategy through various polyphenolics to target several genes and ameliorates the pathological conditions arises by cardiomyopathy (Figure 1)
We have summarized below some plant extracts and natural polyphenols, showing doses of polyphenols, experimental models studied, and key findings, which further suggest their beneficial effects against cardiovascular abnormalities (Table 1)
Summary
A group of metabolic diseases associated with damage and dysfunction of various organs, especially the heart, and lead to cardiovascular diseases. Changes in physiological conditions due to stress stimulus can trigger various proteases activities such as serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that cause alteration in the expression of collagen, fibronectin, and leads to ECM remodeling [21]. In absence of secondary risk factors such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients, increased collagen I, III, and IV deposition has been found to results in fibrosis and poor LV function [24].
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