Pathophysiology and system biology of rat c-BSA induced immune complex glomerulonephritis and pathway comparison with human gene sequencing data

Abstract

Immune-complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children. Cationic BSA (c-BSA) intravenous injection could produce significant albuminuria within a short time, and is a suitable in vivo experimental animal model to investigate the pathophysiology of ICGN and for drug screening, but lack of thorough study to clarify its dynamic pathophysiological alteration so far, as well as detailed changes in mRNA and LncRNA levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic alteration in renal function, lipid metabolism and histopathology during the progress of c-BSA induced ICGN. RNA sequencing was used to identified differentially expressed mRNA and LncRNA in kidney cortex of ICGN. Results demonstrated that c-BSA induced ICGN model could completely exhibit clinical features of immune-mediated nephrotic syndrome with gradual declining renal function, and increased albuminuria and deteriorated histopathological injuries. The correlation analysis suggested that complement activation was the most key element in mediating of ICGN. RNA sequencing using rat kidney tissues combined with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data of human glomerulonephritis showed the most enriched KEGG pathways in ICGN were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor and Focal adhesion. The differential lncRNAs in ICGN rats were also screened, and the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to clarify lncRNA role in molecular mechanism of ICGN progression. Their human homogenous lncRNAs were also identified, such as ST3GAL5-AS1 and DIO3OS, which provide the potential lncRNA targets to treat ICGN. All the differential LncRNAs in ICGN kidneys caused by MMF were also identified and provided another possible pharmacological mechanism of MMF through lncRNA regulation. In summary, the current study firstly described the dynamic physiological changes of c-BSA induced ICGN, identified most key KEGG pathways, and provided lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in ICGN.