Pathophysiological characterization of metabolic syndrome in overweight, obese and type 2 diabetic Algerian subjects: interest of adipokines as dysmetabolic biomarkers

Abstract

The body fat accretion (BFA) is correlated to energy homeostasis and/or hemodynamic dysfunction, being mediated by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and recently by adipokines. In this study, we investigated the associations between metabolic syndrome markers and the secretion disturbs of leptin, adiponectin and resistin during overweight (OW), obesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes de type 2 (T2DM) stages. The study was undertaken on 240 subjects who were divided in 3 groups: overweight, obese and diabetic groups, according to age, sex and the BMI value. The metabolic syndrome was investigated according to the NCEP/ATPIII criteria. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA model. Metabolic parameters were determined on Cobas®. Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on human ELISA reader - Biotek ELX 800. The adipokines secretion is influenced by the adipose tissue accretion and insulin resistance state. The BFA in OB and OW subjects is positively correlated to the increase of serum leptin, whereas the serum adiponectin is reduced. The serum adipokines profile is modulated differently between men and women, particularly for leptin. Resistin secretion follows the evolution of leptinemia. It appears that adipokines as major dysmetabolic biomarkers, and can be considered as relevant biological tools in the diagnosis of cardiovascular and T2DM predictive risk in overweight and obese subjects.