Pathomorphology of certain organs of immunogenesis by experimental reproduction of coronavirus infection in dogs

Abstract

The article, based on the results of histological studies, presents data on the microscopic structure of the immune system – thymus, spleen, lymph nodes of dogs with experimental infection with coronavirus enteritis. Pathomorphological studies of immunocompetent organs from the dead (n = 5) puppies crossed Labrador breeds with outbred, infected with a coronavirus field isolate cultured on heterologous cell cultures (kidney kidney hamster (BHK-21), rabbit kidney (RK-13) and the renal mumps (SPEV). Pathological dissection of dogs was performed by partial evisceration in the usual sequence. Prepared histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard recipes. The general histological structure and microstructural changes of histo- and cytostructures of organs in histological samples were studied under a light microscope. During coronavirus enteritis in dogs, pathomorphological changes in immunocompetent organs were found, which characterize the suppression of immunogenesis function during an infectious disease of viral etiology. Thus, in the spleen there are spotted hemorrhages, lymph nodes, moderate hyperplasia, with signs of hemorrhagic inflammation. Active proliferation of lymphoid cells, which leads to hyperplasia, is one of the markers of the pathogen's effect on the macroorganism in the form of an inflammatory process in regional lymph nodes, which indicates the multiplication of the virus and the development of immunological processes. Based on our analysis of literature sources, monitoring results and our own research, it was found that viral enteritis occupies a leading place in the infectious pathology of dogs and causes significant harm to animal owners. Thus, the need for additional research to clarify, supplement and summarize data on the pathomorphology of various organs and tissues in canine corona viridae enteritis, current immunoprophylaxis and treatment can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality from infection. We found a set of histological changes in the immune system during the experimental reproduction of coronavirus infection, can be considered a characteristic criterion for pathomorphological differential diagnosis of coronavirus enteritis in dogs.