Pathomorphological peculiarities of liver of fetuses and newborns born in conditions of hypertensive disease in the mother

Abstract

Aim. The article is devoted to the study of pathomorphological features of fetal liver and newborns affected by chronic intrauterine hypoxia, which developed against maternal hypertension. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on liver preparations of 18 fetuses and newborns from mothers with physiological pregnancy (group I) and 36 fetuses and newborns from mothers with stage II hypertension (group II) at the age of 37 weeks of gestation - the 1st day of postnatal life. In each case, three fragments were excised from the liver, and then the material was fixed in 10 % formalin solution. Formalin-fixed tissue compaction was achieved by conducting, through alcohols, increasing concentrations, celloidin, chloroform, and paraffin embedding. From the prepared blocks for serial color serial sections with a thickness of 4–5 microns were prepared. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxin by the van Gizon method, and by the Mallory method. The diameter of the hepatocytes and their nuclei, NPP, were calculated, and the number of single and double-nucleated hepatocytes was calculated. The material was studied on an «Olympus BX-41» microscope with a digital camera. Results. The results of our study showed that the influence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia on the background of stage II hypertension led to the development of destructive-dystrophic changes in the liver tissue of the fetus and newborn. Structural and functional disorders, in turn, led to the activation of cellular regeneration mechanisms. In group II, the recovery of structural and functional integrity of the liver occurred due to an increase in the number of double-nucleated hepatocytes and manifested by an increase in their number almost 2-fold. Conclusions. During the study of pathomorphological features of fetal liver and newborns it was found that stage II hypertension in the mother leads to the development of significant destructive-dystrophic changes in the tissue of fetal liver and newborns. The diameter of hepatocytes of fetuses and newborns of group II was significantly increased compared with group I (24.3 ± 2.4 μm and 18.71 ± 2.8 μm, respectively). The number of hepatocytes in the field of view in the fetuses and newborns of group II significantly decreased compared with group I (214.8 ± 22.80 and 268.1 ± 24.11 cells, respectively). The ratio of the number of binucleate hepatocytes to the number of binucleate hepatocytes in fetuses and newborns of group II compared to group I increased 2.5 times (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.02, respectively).